Let’s walk in the footstep of Darwin! Science has proven how Humans adapt to their environment and nowadays how Humans are influencing their own environment. Humans and their heritage can be observed across time and space thanks to Light Sources and Neutron Sources. Paleanthropology, like (bio)archeology, opens the door to scientific cases, which have been described in previous Physics Matters Colloquia as part of the “Physics for Development” program.